tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7468287944187412482024-02-08T03:23:39.717+08:00Effective Learning FSElearningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125truetag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-20684736522016734992011-07-27T12:35:00.001+08:002011-07-27T12:41:25.623+08:00Task Summary<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">HYE......</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Summary - SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ETHICS IN A DIGITAL WORLD</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">We can conclude software engineering it very important in a digital world because it can help us to communicate with virtual world. But, sometimes it also can make a problem for us. In this article it mention about the five challenges.</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Five keys challenges :-</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1) Requires novel requrements engineering methodologies that enables analysis of the highly varied & inherity fuzzy ethical standpoints of the various stakeholders</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(users, service providers, regulatory bodies, and so on)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2) conduct tradeoff analysis involving ethics considerations when making architectural and design.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">3) tracing the architectural & design choices influenced by ethical considerations to their source is a nontrival task. Understanding which ethical considerations are satisfied by specific design decisions & that must be checked for and enforced during runtime.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">4) Existing software engineering methodologies & process account for nonfunctional properties, ethical considerations are not at the fore-front of such as analyses. Requires software & business process improvement frameworks to facilitate an in incremental evolution. Not only of the methodologies & process but also of organizational practices & codes of conduct</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">5) training of software engineers in ethics-aware software design is, essential to overcome this shortage. Any such training requires both adaption of existing professional training programs & certifications offered by bodies (such as British Computer Society, IEEE)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-52082651561889963152011-07-27T02:43:00.000+08:002011-07-27T02:43:14.149+08:00Module 8<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Module 8: Software Evolution</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">•Software is released to end-users, and </span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> <div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–within days, bug reports filter back to the software engineering organization. </div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–within weeks, one class of users indicates that the software must be changed so that it </div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> can accommodate the special needs of their environment. </div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–within months, another corporate group who wanted nothing to do with the software </div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> when it was released, now recognizes that it may provide them with unexpected </div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> benefit. They’ll need a few enhancements to make it work in their world.</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">LEGACY APPLICATION SOFTWARE</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">- In IT, legacy applications and data are those that have been inherited from </div></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div> languages, platforms, and techniques<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> <u>earlier than current technology</u></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div>- Typically, the challenge is to keep the legacy application <u style="text-underline: single;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">running while converting</span> </u>it to </span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> newer, more efficient code that makes use of new technology and programmer skills</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> - Many organizations are migrating their legacy applications to new</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> <u>programming </u></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">languages </span></u> and </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><u style="text-underline: single;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">operating systems </span></u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">that follow open or standard </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> programming </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">interfaces.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"> SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.06in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Correcting defects </div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.06in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span> 2. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Adapting application to a changing business environment</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> 3. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Implementing enhancement at the request of stakeholders.</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.06in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.06in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> 4. Supporting users as they integrate an application into their personal and business workflow</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"> MAINTENABLE SOFTWARE</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">•Maintainable software exhibits effective modularity</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">•</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It makes use of design patterns that allow ease of understanding. </span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"> SUPPORTABILITY SOFTWARE</span></span></div></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">•The software should contain facilities to assist support personnel when a defect is </div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> encountered in the operational environment (and make no mistake, defects will be </div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> encountered). </div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">LEHMAN'S LAW OF SOFTWARE EVOLUTION</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A series of laws that </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Lehman</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> and </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Belady</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> formulated starting in 1974 with respect to</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">software evolution.</span></div><div style="color: #3d85c6; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #3d85c6; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi27xZJWv4PaYxQMOlGI8miEur6ZfsZZfHC6TFfLI5KfAkX3YMgajFsEHcg_QPDWmlBd33yv-XvIU4Gggw79Tx1bZU_FXyQnIJMt3Z9t25oAkzp6uw4JHRRxMeCnhj5184tvhsHaAj6HpAO/s1600/A.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi27xZJWv4PaYxQMOlGI8miEur6ZfsZZfHC6TFfLI5KfAkX3YMgajFsEHcg_QPDWmlBd33yv-XvIU4Gggw79Tx1bZU_FXyQnIJMt3Z9t25oAkzp6uw4JHRRxMeCnhj5184tvhsHaAj6HpAO/s400/A.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #3d85c6; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #3d85c6; text-align: center;"></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt;">Lehman, M. M.; J. F. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt;">Ramil</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt;">, P. D. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt;">Wernick</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt;">, D. E. Perry, and W. M. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt;">Turski</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt;"> (1997). "Metrics and laws of software evolution—the nineties view". Proc. 4th International Software Metrics Symposium (METRICS '97). pp. 20-32. doi:10.1109/METRIC.1997.637156. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_23307028">http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~perry/work/papers/feast1.pdf.</a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div><div style="color: #3d85c6; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><br />
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</div><div style="color: #3d85c6; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">WHO PERFORM MAINTENANCE?????</div><div style="color: #3d85c6; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #3d85c6; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">•Separate maintenance team</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–May find it easier to distinguish how a software should work from how </div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> it does work</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">•Part of development team</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–May feel over-confident, and ignore the documentation to help </div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> maintenance effort</div></div></div></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"> REENGINEERING</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">•To support ‘new business rules’, existing software may be modified or rebuilt </div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> (reengineered).</div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">•Reengineering may begin with a Business Process Reengineering (BPR) before move on </div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> to software reengineering.</div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">A MODEL FOR BPR</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">-with 6 activities :</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Uv2Ip4RHGBKLksox_GS3Rehaxw9myIhxlxVRVBOnmcxHAgrqCfGdB4Mr5IxSJG9Fv29zU2b79MZRqLS02mDgYnWzWWronc5YyyEOATTS3LtvO12r6qpjpTuhX3MN6TT3Z-I1oISXe6fO/s400/BPR.JPG" width="317" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"> SOFTWARE REENGINEERING PROCESS MODEL</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>NURUL AIN BINTI MD HASHIM (IS086681)</b></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD3Zyzm59PBWA0LA4UuJWPZ7xnjj-llDJl3jJwCXVF4dW5q4iKLshduudSvwCVnpTWFY8NlTjsdMyabeYmpLMqCzN71Epmr0XMcKG1ayfSTSnKIp7TOrpE8v-tZus2D3HZUERex9B-T3A5/s1600/Z.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD3Zyzm59PBWA0LA4UuJWPZ7xnjj-llDJl3jJwCXVF4dW5q4iKLshduudSvwCVnpTWFY8NlTjsdMyabeYmpLMqCzN71Epmr0XMcKG1ayfSTSnKIp7TOrpE8v-tZus2D3HZUERex9B-T3A5/s320/Z.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div></span></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-5465308453097937832011-07-26T15:14:00.007+08:002011-07-26T15:38:36.944+08:00Module 7<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: lime; font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><strong>Software Quality Management</strong></span></div><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ Adopts a number of management principles that can be used by upper management their organizations </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> wards improved software product performance.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Concerned with ensuring that the required level of quality is achieved in a software product.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ </span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Should aim to develop a ‘quality culture’ where quality is seen as everyone’s responsibility</span>.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Software quality assurance (SQA) is often called quality management.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">What is quality?</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ A characteristic or attribute of something.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ Two kinds of maybe encountered : <span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Quality of design </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">encompasses requirements, specifications, and </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> the design of the system. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> <span style="color: #fff2cc;">:</span> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Quality of conformance </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">is an issue focused primarily on </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> implementation</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> <span style="color: orange;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: yellow;">User satisfaction = compliant product + good quality + delivery within budget and schedule.</span> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Comments of Quality</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ Everybody is for it.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ Everyone feels they understand it.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ Everyone thinks execution is only a matter of following natural inclinations.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ Most people feels that problems in this area are caused by other people.</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta;">What is Software Quality</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">~ </span>An </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">effective software process applied in a manner that creates a useful product that provides measurable </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"> value </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: Calibri; font-style: italic; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">for those who produce it and those who use it.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #ffe599;">~</span> </span></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">Satisfies</span> <span style="color: #fff2cc;">requirements of stakeholders and that are expected of all high quality software.</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-special-format: bullet;"> E</span>stablishes the infrastructure that supports any effort <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">at building a high quality software product </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ To user : <span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">expedites some business process.</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #558ed5; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 3; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~ End results ; <span style="color: #fff2cc;">i</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">ncreased revenue, better profitability when an </span></span></span><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 3pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~</span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">The management aspects of process create the checks and balances that help avoid project </span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 3pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> chaos<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">— a key contributor to poor quality.</span> </span></span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 3pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: magenta;">Us</span><span style="color: magenta;">eful Product</span></span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 3pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times New Roman;">~</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">D</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">elivers the content, functions, and features that the end-user desires in a reliable, error free way</span><span style="color: #fff2cc;">.</span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 3pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 3pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times;">Adding Value</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 3pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times;">~ H<span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">igh quality software provides benefits to producer and user.</span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 3pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">~</span> <span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">To producer</span> <span style="color: #fff2cc;">: </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">less maintenance effort, fewer bug fixes, and reduced customer support </span></span></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">application</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> supports a business process </span></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">a</span></span></span><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">nd/or<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>improved availability of information that is crucial for the business.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Palatino; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Palatino; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times;">Quality Dimensions and Factors</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUifs0XGrLIRb5P7bKdF7LNFiJczPHXo_K5pa3INxERZTGNSHcUvXlYKEL5w2LfeLZt_-dQGLGZalTlmMTHm9sG9CqoC7XOQwLg-NsY98XWGA9q8B2cWmiyx44VKqEe0Hj_EnLOf-v8zsF/s1600/Picture1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUifs0XGrLIRb5P7bKdF7LNFiJczPHXo_K5pa3INxERZTGNSHcUvXlYKEL5w2LfeLZt_-dQGLGZalTlmMTHm9sG9CqoC7XOQwLg-NsY98XWGA9q8B2cWmiyx44VKqEe0Hj_EnLOf-v8zsF/s400/Picture1.png" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: magenta;">Achieving Software Quality</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ Quality assurance (QA)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ Quality control (QC)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ Software engineering method</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ Project management techniques</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: magenta;">SQA Goals</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ Requirement quality</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ Design quality</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ Code quality</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ Quality control effectiveness</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Six-Sigma for Software Engineering</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ The Six Sigma methodology defines three core steps:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> * </span><span style="color: purple; font-style: italic; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Define</span><span style="color: purple; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">customer requirements and deliverables and project goals via well-defined methods of</span> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> customer communication</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> * </span><span style="color: purple; font-style: italic; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Measure</span><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> <span style="color: #fff2cc;">the existing process and its output to determine current quality performance</span> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> (collect defect metrics)</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> * </span><span style="color: purple; font-style: italic; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Analyze</span><span style="color: purple; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">defect metrics and determine the vital few causes.</span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ If improvement is required when software process exist, Six Sigma suggest two extra steps:</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> * </span><span style="color: purple; font-style: italic; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Improve</span><span style="color: purple; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fce5cd;">the process by eliminating the root causes of defects.</span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 4.8pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> * </span><span style="color: purple; font-style: italic; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Control</span><span style="color: purple; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 11; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #fff2cc;">the process to ensure that future work does not reintroduce the causes of defects.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">~ Theepa Laknakumaran (SW086630) ~</span></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-71462736599881979772011-07-26T00:41:00.001+08:002011-07-27T01:49:51.355+08:00Module 6<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Module 6: Software Verification and Validation</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 12px;"><span style="color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;">V & V must be applied at each framework activity </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;">in the software process.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;">Verification refers to the set of tasks that<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"> <u style="text-underline: single;">ensure that software correctly implements a specific function</u></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;">.</span></b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Validation refers to a different set of tasks that<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow;"> <b><u style="text-underline: single;">ensure that the software that has been built istraceable to customer requirements</u>.</b></span> Boehm [Boe81] states this another way:</span></span></li>
</ul><br />
<div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Verification: "Are we building the product right?" </span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Validation: "Are we building the right product?”</span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4d4d4d;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><b>V & V activities include:</b></span></span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><b>SQL activities </b></span></span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span>–Technical reviews</span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">–Quality and configuration audits</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">–Performance monitoring</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">–Simulation</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">–Feasibility study</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">–Documentation review</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">–Database review</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">–Algorithm analysis</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><b>TESTING</b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> <div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–Development testing</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–Qualification testing</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–Acceptance testing</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–Installation testing</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .81in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div></span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">SOFTWARE TESTING</span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">•The process of <b>exercising a program</b> with the specific intent of finding</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> errors prior to delivery to the end user.</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">•Must be <b>planned carefully</b> to avoid wasting development time and</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> resources, and <b>conducted systematically</b>. </span></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">•What testing shows?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- errors</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- requirements conformance</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- performance</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- an indication of quality</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">WHO TESTS THE SOFTWARE</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZThOieNGSB4Z1gUYzcs3aAjFUL8QxKLZQnj5AJRtSgNbaDRcgfeV8bX4-ibA33HCAxlG2EbY1wteqlkBCJuKiP3lEsC4en8yyrOvKtndAUuPAFQ9hbHUQ3TTX9lFsTpM6DJZuXvYZ7Vg/s1600/untitled.JPG" /> </div></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">Developer</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- understand the system but will test "gently" and it driven by "delivery"</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">Independent Tester</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- must learn about the system but will attempt to break it and is driven by quality</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">OVERALL SOFTWARE TESTING STRATEGY</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- viewed in the context of the spiral. </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Begins by <b>‘testing-in-the-small’</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> and move toward </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>‘testing-in-the-large’</b> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="line-height: 80%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #4d4d4d;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 80%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #4d4d4d;"><b><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 80%; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">SOFTWARE TEST DOCUMENTATION</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 80%; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 20pt;">-</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> Test Plan</span></i></b></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><i>- Test Design Specification</i></b></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><i>- Test Case Specification</i></b></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><i>- Test Procedure Specification</i></b></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><i>- Test Item Transmittal Report</i></b></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><i>- Test Log</i></b></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><i>- Test Incident Report</i></b></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;">Test Summary Report</span></i></b></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><br />
</span></i></b></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; line-height: 12px;">TEST CASE DESIGN</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; line-height: 12px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.56in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Focuses on a set of techniques for the creation of test</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.56in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">cases that meet overall testing objectives and the</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.56in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">testing strategies.</span></div></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">1.‘White-box’ testing</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><br />
</span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–focus on the program control </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> structure (internal program logic).</div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–Test cases are derived to ensure that </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> all statements in the program have </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> been executed at least once during </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> testing and all logical conditions have </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> been exercised.</div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–Performed early in the testing </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> process</div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">2.‘Black-box’ testing</span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><br />
</span></div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–Examines some fundamental aspect </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> of a system with little regard for the </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> internal logical structure of the </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> software</div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">–Performed during later stages of </div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> testing</div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="O2" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.7in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">DERIVING TEST CASES</span></div></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 12px;"><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 12px;"><br />
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Flow graph notation:</span></span></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 12px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQxE82D52nDSLfoAnhUNtRSYgThXCODjAi2CYcfgcljh3U4XPNyk0ene7aWP6ZxUw7CL-oXYdSdF32QEgvXcqG4zOJPczd3bBXBVy2jDyH-7G-E8mZd7duxoFHpbLV9TZizfbMs4JL_YZh/s1600/SEQUENCE.JPG" /> <img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY3XTEVDdaJKK6Z83NWWmdRoQFTf8Sqn16WaewtINto16WDE8tKXH8-zmyJih6YUZQWEpJwajmcnhE25M9DxpVKsSk6qIlW5xhEnd4ZS6boWWmQr-ZkB8rsaBm7BphZj9v9qc-OZokAPZP/s1600/UNTILL.JPG" /></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -36px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Sequence </b> <b> Untill</b></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.2in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -36px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSxHeDEJcax5V7QdXXvJk_t7a9euE6iigm7bKpIAFRsXXyViK4vUr8ANRzbn3agbgWWcFCMyKo2TwoKG67inj1ScfdLVwFFg7swzBhVE5s5psP2l_VVOGjfAhJKSDqYmhjHK_Yun1T1RkQ/s1600/IF.JPG" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>If</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCciRpkhNPR3j_OyKxRWzkwGbJSwDzLtpFJxeR6mk8cCZKSZMd3h2kuXZtA6ZLhWOCLhs47VAmGkgJw4WZZ_h6wXoR6MOCVrGhUTXFdNN_dtWWNPHHQm0fafznlydeJVwG0nPTRwGTmVm5/s1600/CASES.JPG" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Cases</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYQeuyYN0Qg02LBxNfozy_5AFYktlSLz0Fu2I1MuLyeA1MHLZjvdJVqy7zL9QQV5kSuS3tZwHiPUue5M0Tz9NDMqQBqzxj8R1TMjdYfZFUlhcaQqboXSfyonS_FcEfOleA63VQOblIEv4y/s1600/WHILE.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYQeuyYN0Qg02LBxNfozy_5AFYktlSLz0Fu2I1MuLyeA1MHLZjvdJVqy7zL9QQV5kSuS3tZwHiPUue5M0Tz9NDMqQBqzxj8R1TMjdYfZFUlhcaQqboXSfyonS_FcEfOleA63VQOblIEv4y/s1600/WHILE.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>While</b></div><div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
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<div style="line-height: 80%; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #4d4d4d;"><b><br />
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</b></span></span></div><div style="line-height: 80%; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>NURUL AIN BINTI MD HASHIM (IS086681)</b></span></div></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #4d4d4d;"><br />
</span></span></div></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><ol><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4d4d4d;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 12px;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></ol></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #4d4d4d;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; line-height: 80%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4d4d4d; font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 37px;"><br />
</span></span></div></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-34129469611891611202011-07-25T11:23:00.001+08:002011-07-25T11:25:34.164+08:00Module 5<div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Software Implementation / Coding</span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"></span></b></div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"></span></b><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 7.2pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">~ ‘Construction’ refers to the </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">hands-on</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"> part of </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">creating</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"> something.</span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 7.2pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">~ Also known as implementation / coding and debugging & verification and validation (testing).</span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 7.2pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">~ </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">Generally focus at </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">coding</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">, </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">debugging</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">, some </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">detailed design </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">and some </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">testing</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"> (esp. unit testing).</span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 7.2pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">~ Construction may involves:</span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"><br />
</span> </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Verifying that the groundwork has been laid so that construction can proceed successfully.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Designing and writing routines and module.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Selecting and creating data types and naming identifiers.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Selecting control structures and organizing blog of statement.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Finding fixing error.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Reviewing other team members design and code and having them review yours.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Polishing code - formatting and writing comment.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Intergrating software component.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Turning code - make more efficient, smaller and faster.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Coding Principles</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Understand of the problem you're trying to solve.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Understand a basic design principles and concepts.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Pick a programming language that meets the needs of the software to build and environment in </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"> which it will operate.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Select a programming environment that provide tools that will make your work easier.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Create a set of unit test that will be applied once the component you code is complete.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Good Programming Practice</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Be consistent with formatting.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Be consistent with naming conventions.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Use global [identifier] sparingly.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Dont't assume output format.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Add comment to your code - explain what and why.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Provide useful error message.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Recover (or fail) gracefully.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Push interface up and implementation down.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* know what u don't know - prepare for changes.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Source: http://relisoft.com/practice.html</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">S</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">oftware Inspection</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"></span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* An old school approach.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* A process to review, analyze and check static system representations such as requirements </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"> document, design document, and program source code to look for errors and problems</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Static - need not run the software on a computer.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Generally, focus at source code.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Known as peer reviews or program / code inspection.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Software Reuse.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* In engineering disciplines, system are designed by composing existing component that have been </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"> used in other system.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* SE more focus on original development but it is now recognized that to achieve a better software.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Reuse - Based Software Engineering.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Application system reuse - application system may reuse either by incorporating without change in</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"> into other systems or by developing application families.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Component reuse - component of an application from sub-system to a single objects maybe reused.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Object and function reuse - software component that implement a single well defined function may</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"> be reused.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Requirements for Reuse.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* It must be possible to find appropriate reuseable components.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* The reuser of the components will be reliable and will behave as specified.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* The component must be documented so that they can be understood and where appropriate, </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;"> modified.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Benefit of Reuse</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Increase dependability</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Reduce process risk.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Effective use of specialists.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Standard compliance</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Accelerated development.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Reuse Development.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Increased costs.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Lack of case tool support.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Not - invented - here syndrome</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* Maintaining a component library can be expensive.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f9cb9c;">* finding and adapting reusable components.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.tushar-mehta.com/excel/vba/vba-defensive_programming.htm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">http://www.tushar-mehta.com/excel/vba/vba-defensive_programming.htm</span></a></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> ~ THEEPA LAKNAKUMARAN (SW086630) ~</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br />
</span></span></div></span></b></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-32853573558821731472011-07-23T12:28:00.086+08:002011-07-24T12:33:09.398+08:00Module 4<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Software Design</span></span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><br />
</span></div><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Design </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">creates</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> a </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">representation</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> or model of the software </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">but </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">unlike</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> the </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">analysis</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> model, the design model </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">provides</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">detail</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> about:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">»</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">software architecture</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">,</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">»</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">data structures</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">,</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">»</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">interfaces</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">, and</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">»</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">components</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">that</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> are </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">necessary</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> to </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">implement</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> the system.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><br />
</span> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Why it is Important?</span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">~ </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Can</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">be</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">assessed</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> for </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">quality</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> and </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">improved</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">before</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> code </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">is</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">generated</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">, </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">~ Tests are </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">conducted</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">, and </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">~ More </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">users</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> are </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">involved</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Calibri;"><b>The 4 design models.</b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0m6BDlhEnQi_xByNVcdlONeKl_cnMMNOivZ2MvV3wMeSG1XXzB4Y6CEkBPnzHl3ntGskJ5F_msGHHfIg-pGFmE6Oj8rSMX_N5olzxt4YTkW5MqDq1i6cMhoSaqH5U2uY75evbfUU0tQc5/s1600/Picture1.jpg" imageanchor="1"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><img border="0" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0m6BDlhEnQi_xByNVcdlONeKl_cnMMNOivZ2MvV3wMeSG1XXzB4Y6CEkBPnzHl3ntGskJ5F_msGHHfIg-pGFmE6Oj8rSMX_N5olzxt4YTkW5MqDq1i6cMhoSaqH5U2uY75evbfUU0tQc5/s640/Picture1.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><b>Characteristics</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><b> of Good Design</b></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">~ </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Must </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">implement</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> all of the </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">explicit</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> requirements </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">and it must </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">accommodate</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> all of the </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">implicit</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> requirements</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> desired by the customer.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">~ </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Must be a </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">readable</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">understandable</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">guide for those who </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">generate code </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">and for those who </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">test</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> and </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> subsequently </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">support</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> the software.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">~ </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Should provide a </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">complete picture </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">of the software</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Calibri;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Calibri;"><b>Design Principles</b></span><br />
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The design process should not suffer from ‘tunnel vision.’ </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The design should be traceable to the analysis model. </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The design should not reinvent the wheel. </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The design should “minimize the intellectual distance” [DAV95] between the software and the </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span> problem as it exists in the real world.</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The design should exhibit uniformity and integration.</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The design should be structured to accommodate change.</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The design should be structured to degrade gently, even when irregular data, events, or operating </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> conditions are encountered.</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Design is not coding, coding is not design. </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The design should be assessed for quality as it is being created, not after the fact.</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The design should be reviewed to minimize conceptual (semantic) errors.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><b>Design Concepts</b></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">1) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Abstraction</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">2) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Architecture</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">3) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Patterns</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">4) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Separation of concerns</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">5) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Modularity</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">6) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Information hiding</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">7) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Functional Independence</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">8) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Refinement</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">9) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Aspects</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">10) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Refactoring</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">11) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">OO Design concepts</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">12) </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Design classes</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><b>Architectural Design Elements</b></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">The architecrural derived from three sources :</span></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">~ </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">information about the application domain </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">for the software to be built</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">~ </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">specific requirements model elements </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">such as data flow diagrams or analysis classes, their </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> relationships and collaborations for the problem at hand, and</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">~ </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">the availability of architectural patterns</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> and </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">styles</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">.</span></span></div></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><br />
</span> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Exampe Of Architectural Diagram </span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEDmBXiM4djdDxMROmLmM12uFOfjNKn2B9YhsH6GwgQC5giEiDHmPpT7pZqGOO-wvy5gPuo-K11DAhHIuPKw_q4uqqwA1lBozIS266KXp3Zcz1zSj5WgdIxV-ys6D58gQvQQqZQaptdOst/s1600/Picture2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEDmBXiM4djdDxMROmLmM12uFOfjNKn2B9YhsH6GwgQC5giEiDHmPpT7pZqGOO-wvy5gPuo-K11DAhHIuPKw_q4uqqwA1lBozIS266KXp3Zcz1zSj5WgdIxV-ys6D58gQvQQqZQaptdOst/s1600/Picture2.jpg" /></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;">Source: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://blog.tmcnet.com/blog/tom-keating/2004/10/index.asp?page=7">http://blog.tmcnet.com/blog/tom-keating/2004/10/index.asp?page=7</a></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Example: Architectural styles</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqo3Fer08HZfL5RNGwrCkOwy0jKw_tFQzYzY_n_g7H1UmL_huqQ3hy-Q4dpkpTdO1hAJfTml-Q18e4GCT5BKagb4cmayPD__uQtEgN21xUWHqRrr8EYaht2X4RHKNKW_a3q45TNtfTbpTG/s1600/Picture3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqo3Fer08HZfL5RNGwrCkOwy0jKw_tFQzYzY_n_g7H1UmL_huqQ3hy-Q4dpkpTdO1hAJfTml-Q18e4GCT5BKagb4cmayPD__uQtEgN21xUWHqRrr8EYaht2X4RHKNKW_a3q45TNtfTbpTG/s400/Picture3.jpg" width="383" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0yq5hvEznlAEZ5aXgg_uGwWfGpVEt2u4KhHON_tNlhSHpq0UtY67NBnjFQA-neEVzfk1Dj59V9bJxNMaMMtJFveLgIsqcX_nt6RnINTc6KHwF_xWlKkr5DCJICe3IfXyMryybrrumElOD/s1600/Picture4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="337" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0yq5hvEznlAEZ5aXgg_uGwWfGpVEt2u4KhHON_tNlhSHpq0UtY67NBnjFQA-neEVzfk1Dj59V9bJxNMaMMtJFveLgIsqcX_nt6RnINTc6KHwF_xWlKkr5DCJICe3IfXyMryybrrumElOD/s400/Picture4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Calibri;"><b>Design Support Tools</b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><br />
</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">All aspects of the software engineering </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">can be supported by software tools:</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">§ </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">from project management software through tools for business and functional analysis, system </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> design, code storage, compilers, translation tools, test software, and so on.</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">• </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">However, tools that are concerned with </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">analysis and design</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">, and with using design information </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> to create parts (or all) of the software product, are most frequently thought of as </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">CASE tools</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">• </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">List of CASE tools: </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.unl.csi.cuny.edu/faqs/software-enginering/tools.html">http://www.unl.csi.cuny.edu/faqs/software-enginering/tools.html</a></span></span><span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Case Tools : Example</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .56in; margin-top: 5.28pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.56in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Source: </span></span><span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/10/whats-new-in-rational-software-architect-8/index.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/10/whats-new-in-rational-software-architect-8/index.html</span></a></span><span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></span></div></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Design Evaluation - Point to ponder</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">Design Specification</span></span><br />
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Calibri;">Refer to SDD Sample.doc</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Calibri;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.cs.uofs.edu/~dmartin/exsesrm.htm">http://www.cs.uofs.edu/~dmartin/exsesrm.htm#_Toc514249734</a> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">References : </span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.38in; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">•</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.allinterview.com/showanswers/66313.html">http://www.allinterview.com/showanswers/66313.html</a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.38in; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">•</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.augustana.ab.ca/~mohrj/courses/2006.winter/csc120/slides/ch09/ch09.html">http://www.augustana.ab.ca/~mohrj/courses/2006.winter/csc120/slides/ch09/ch09.html</a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.38in; text-justify: inter-ideograph; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">•</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.informit.com/guides/content.aspx?g=cplusplus&seqNum=78">http://www.informit.com/guides/content.aspx?g=cplusplus&seqNum=78</a></span><span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">•</span><span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://www.infoq.com/news/2007/04/defining-design-quality">http://www.infoq.com/news/2007/04/defining-design-quality</a></span><span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"> </span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #660033; font-family: Calibri;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;"><b>~ Theepa Laknakumaran (SW086630)~</b></span></span></div></div></span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><br />
</span></div></span></span></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-81608632950964601352011-07-06T17:01:00.001+08:002011-07-06T19:52:29.147+08:00Module 3<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeG_du0pu2QNkl6xd5K6sp2NWi-cCD7EHolfcFHVR89YcK6fSoCtaurAFD-dVauUN7exHSvsIGs6Biu6Rzi-HKpYXZaxO-EQxcyhCDyUroFG9NjZTvfbGLYWTuBmw-euxaGpe7ac44pRKP/s1600/MOD+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeG_du0pu2QNkl6xd5K6sp2NWi-cCD7EHolfcFHVR89YcK6fSoCtaurAFD-dVauUN7exHSvsIGs6Biu6Rzi-HKpYXZaxO-EQxcyhCDyUroFG9NjZTvfbGLYWTuBmw-euxaGpe7ac44pRKP/s640/MOD+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">AMEER MURSYIDIN BIN A.KARIM (IS084879)</span></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-44177940301111725332011-06-14T19:14:00.005+08:002011-06-14T19:39:35.625+08:00Case Study (Question 2)<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #674ea7;">STUDENT </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">ATTENDANCE</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #f1c232;"> SYSTEM</span></u><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Since ages, attendance system has remained one of the most important systems for evaluating the working time of students in any college or school. In short, this is used every where wherever the human labor is of importance in terms of the number of hours labored for, in a wider application example, also to mark the number of days present/absent in any academic year of students in a college, school etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The data for each student is fetched by either manual system or by Electromechanical devices like punch card, time-notation devices etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="nw"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In attendance system, which is manual in nature, the lecturer takes the attendance of the students of different departments of the college. The information regarding attendance is then given to the counselor. The counselor then checks for the number of presents, absents and whether he/she has taken the leave for the absent. And finally he/she prepares the attendance report.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><div style="line-height: 18pt;"><span class="nw"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In attendance system, which is computerized in nature, the lecturer takes the attendance of the students of different departments of the college. The information regarding attendance is then given to the counselor. The counselor then submits the information to the computer programmer and he feeds the data into the computer and gets the final attendance report.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 18pt;"><span class="nw"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="line-height: 18pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Objectives:-</span></div><br />
<ol><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;">Create / read new attendant record.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;">View attendant list.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;">Update attendant record.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;">Generate first warning letter.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;">Generate second warning letter.</span></span></li>
</ol></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="nw"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="nw"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Overview:- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Attendance Management System basically has two main modules for proper<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> functioning <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">• First module is admin which has right for creating space for new batch. Any entry of <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> new faculty, Updating in subject if necessary, and sending notice. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">• Second module is handled by the user which can be a faulty or an operator. User has<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> a right of making daily attendance, generating report. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Attendance can be taken in two ways: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">• On the basis of monthly attendance<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>NURUL AIN BINTI MD HASHIM (IS086681)</b></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
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</div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-82194846383631536562011-06-14T18:07:00.007+08:002011-06-14T18:32:23.275+08:00Task 4<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>HyE EveryOne...!!!!!</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">SOFTWARE ENGINEERING MYTH</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Discuss one software engineering myth from each category of management myths, customer myths and practitioner myths.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></b></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">• </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Software myths – erroneous beliefs</span></span></span></b></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> about software and the process</span></span></span></b></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> that is used to build it.</span></span></span></b></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span></b><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">• </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Misleading attitudes that have</span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;"> caused serious problems for</span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;"> managers and practitioners.</span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span></span></b><br />
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">• </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Classifications of software</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;"> myths:</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">–</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Management myths</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">–</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Customer myths</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="O1" style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">–</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Practitioner myths</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="O1" style="color: black; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 6.72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 37px;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Types of Management Myths</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Management Myths: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Managers with Software responsibility, like managers in most discipline, are often under pressure to maintain budgets, keep schedules and maintain quality.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Like a drowning person who grasps straw, software manager often grasp at a belief in a software myth even though it gives temporary relief.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><u>Management Myths</u></span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><u><b>:</b></u></span><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Myth:</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> We already have a book that has procedures and standards for building software. Won’t they provide my people with everything they want to know?<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Reality: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">The book of standards very well exists, but is it used?<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Are the software engineers aware of its existence?<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Does it reflect the Modern Engineering Practices? Is it Complete?<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> In many cases Answers to above all the question is – No.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Myth:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">CEO calls the Developer Raju and has the following conversation…..</span><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CEO: Hi!! Raju, you are working very slow, I have given the assignment 1<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> month before. But you have not completed till today. Why? You should<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> give proper explanation to me immediately.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Raju: Sir, I am running short of materials that’s why I couldn’t able to<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> complete in time sir.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CEO: We already have a book, which has procedures and standards for<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> building software. It will provide every detail you require.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Raju: I do not know Sir. I will refer it and complete within an hour sir.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> (After 1 hour Raju Meeting CEO)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Raju: The book not covers the modern practices Sir.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Now Show the Chart that contains the following information:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">The book of standards very well exists, but is it used?<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Are the software engineers aware of its existence?<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Does it reflect the Modern Engineering Practices? Is it Complete?<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">In many cases Answers to above all the question is – No.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><u><b>Customer Myths</b></u></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Now that the learners have a clear idea about Management Myth, it would be time to have a look at the next Myth i.e. is Customer Myths.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Myth: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">A general statement of objective is “It is sufficient to begin writing programs – we can fill in the details later”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Reality: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">The above definition is the major cause of failed S/W efforts. Formal and details of information domain, function, behavior, performance, interfaces, design constraints and validation criteria is essential. These characteristics can be determined only after the through communication between customer and developer.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Myth:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">CEO is having the conversation with Team Manager…..</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CEO: Hi, We have got a new assignment from Mannaran Company. When<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> can you take up this new assignment?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Team Manager: We have to do feasibility study and Requirement Analysis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> after that only we may able to take sir.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CEO: How long you need to finalize these things.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Team Manager: I need a month time sir.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> (After a month CEO Calling Team Manager and discussing)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CEO: Can we start the assignment from today.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Team Manager: No Sir. I need some more time. I have to collect some<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> more information from the customers.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CEO: “It is sufficient to begin writing programs – we can fill in the details<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> later”<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Team Manager: No Sir. That’s not possible. Before writing the program we<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> need a complete detail.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: 800; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Now Show the Chart that contains the following information:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: 800; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Formal and detail of information domain, function, behavior, performance, interfaces, design constraints and validation criteria is essential. These characteristics can be determined only after the through communication between customer and developer.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: 800;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: 800; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><u>Practitioners Myth</u></span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">By now the learners would have developed a clear idea about Management and Customer Myths. At this point, it would be appropriate to take up Practitioners Myth.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Myth: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Until I get the program “running”. I have no way of assessing its quality.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Reality: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">One of the most effective software quality assurance mechanisms<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> can be applied from the infection of the project – Formal Technical Review<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Software reviews are a “Quality Filter” that have been found to be more<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> effective than testing to find the software defects.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">CEO is having the conversation with Team Manager…….</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CEO: What about you’re Project Progress? When can I expect the<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> completion?<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Team Manager: We have almost completed all the parts. We may able to release within a couple <o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> of days.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CEO: Have you finished the Quality assessment part?<o:p></o:p></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Team Manager: Until the program is running I can’t asses the Quality.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Now Show the Chart that contains the following information:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">One of the most effective software quality assurance mechanisms can be applied from the infection of the project – Formal Technical Review<b><o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">References and credit:</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="color: yellow; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>Contents in the slides are adopted from the book and the slides that accompanied the book by R.S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 7th. Edition, McGraw Hill, 2009</u></span></div></div></div></div><span style="color: #999999; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #bbbbbb; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px;">NURUL AIN MD HASHIM (IS086681) & THEEPA LAKNAKUMARAN (SW086630)</span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-30434636510374646162011-06-13T22:59:00.008+08:002011-06-14T20:03:31.103+08:00Task 3<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-BHrld5xlS3UvDedkQoTS6m3-R7OcDAOuTSDlQuoxU3mmcfPfMLa0ArX1J_DJ1KcIpNotxIUF84nN8zcBN7USuKMxrLYCxxh6KN4eXcfjIkQwpPlM8FouPQNv2HgsLJCejTCfdMq502nw/s400/untitled.JPG" width="400" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://http//www.jobstreets.com.my">http//www.jobstreets.com.my</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>SUMMARY</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">We can conclude, <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">Malaysia</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">is</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">a country that is</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">emerging</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">in</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">Southeast Asia</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">When</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">a</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">country</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">is in the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">process</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">towards</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">a</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">more</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">developed</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">country</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">, the</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">country's</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">impossible to</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">have</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">difficulty </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">in</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">providing</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">employment opportunities</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">for the people, </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">not</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">easy</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">to</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">find</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">or</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">get a job</span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">.</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">All graduates</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">or</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">students</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">should</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">prepare</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">themselves</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">with </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">a</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">lot</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">of knowledge</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">and</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">thinking</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">ahead</span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">.</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">This is</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">because</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">many</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">graduates</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">or</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">students </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">can not</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">meet</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">the characteristics</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">required</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">by</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">employers</span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">.</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">So</span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">,</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">what</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">can</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">we say it</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">does not</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">necessarily</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">graduates</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">who</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">have</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">been</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">good</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">just</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">glad</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">to</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">get a job</span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">.</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">But</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">to be</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">in line </span><span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">with the</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">knowledge</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">and</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">advantages</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">that</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">exist in</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">itself and</span> <span class="hps" title="Click for alternate translations">good at communication</span><span class="" title="Click for alternate translations">.</span></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #888888; font-size: 13px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #bbbbbb; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px;">THEEPA LAKNAKUMARAN (SW086630)</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #bbbbbb; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-42790075226063373242011-06-08T21:53:00.003+08:002011-06-14T18:35:40.817+08:00Video<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;">INTRODUCTION OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING </span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Lecture Series on Software Engineering by Prof.N.L. Sarda, Prof. Umesh Bellur,Prof.R.K.Joshi and Prof.Shashi Kelkar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering ,IIT Bombay .</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z6f9ckEElsU?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> PART 1</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/AN5I6fFxyfs?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">PART 2</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>NURUL AIN BINTI MD HASHIM (IS086681)</b></span></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-617134991872846652011-06-02T15:39:00.029+08:002011-06-14T18:27:44.601+08:00Module 2<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;">Software Process</span></i></b></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: .38in; margin-top: 5.76pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">A software process:</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">-<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span>a collection of work activities, actions, tasks, which are performed when software is to be created.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>2 Process activities</b></span></span><br />
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</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Framework activities : the activities are appicable to all software project, the size are complexcity.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">communication;planning;modeling;construction; and deployment</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">) </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Umbrella activities : applied throughout a software project, manage and control progress,quality,change and risk.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">(</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">project tracking and control, risk management; software quality assurance;technical reviews;configuration management</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">)</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Prescriptive Process Models</b></span></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">~ Waterfall Model ~</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFmFMZuIWIvTdcLpSrm_Ily1TavLZHbCjy-pdkdgyNj35Kgj1QaUwrVI_tarfZ4XbebuI3rYtXTdzeVscOLAvitYCXJ19p25hMjIED2tnr6egtokJ2wVK8BaHOWrT5ENmGTJHaCVxv5gV/s1600/Waterfall+model.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFmFMZuIWIvTdcLpSrm_Ily1TavLZHbCjy-pdkdgyNj35Kgj1QaUwrVI_tarfZ4XbebuI3rYtXTdzeVscOLAvitYCXJ19p25hMjIED2tnr6egtokJ2wVK8BaHOWrT5ENmGTJHaCVxv5gV/s320/Waterfall+model.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCzXGFybOS01sbJ_o0rfkEH6U-POQXJmvlE2Ht5jfZQf2MZLihiB8PY-yoV0mxMdMacBeoCCnIGG7ozT652vhQQ_N2xwtFDn8ydQOUivujgYWGKHinEirPIBTSwh4S2920f_QaMDQFqLQl/s1600/waterfall_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCzXGFybOS01sbJ_o0rfkEH6U-POQXJmvlE2Ht5jfZQf2MZLihiB8PY-yoV0mxMdMacBeoCCnIGG7ozT652vhQQ_N2xwtFDn8ydQOUivujgYWGKHinEirPIBTSwh4S2920f_QaMDQFqLQl/s320/waterfall_7.jpg" width="227" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Advantage</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Easy to understand and implement.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Widely used and known (in theory!).</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Reinforces good habits: define-before- design, design-before-code.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Identifies deliverables and milestones.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Works well on mature products and weak teams.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Disadvantage </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Idealized, doesn’t match reality well.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Doesn’t reflect iterative nature of exploratory development.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Unrealistic to expect accurate requirements so early in project.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Software is delivered late in project, delays discovery of serious errors.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Difficult to integrate risk management.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Difficult and expensive to make changes to documents</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Significant administrative overhead, costly for small teams and</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> projects</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">The waterfall model performs well for products with clearly understood requirements or when working with well understood technical tools, architectures and infrastructures. Its weaknesses frequently make it inadvisable when rapid development is needed. In those cases, modified models may be more effective.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">~ Incremental Model ~</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCSuTcrz87sbmOxC8xNsb0efmL5IPpoiG3sy8ZUITm3EWIfydavf9pdOQRFkpN3gHPo388k6Lv-v2JAl-a-813Rpx08P02z2oFxrEmCJvdH7HPlGP3l4dTTdTO5gq3lT8HR9gUAL4lBKp_/s1600/Picture1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCSuTcrz87sbmOxC8xNsb0efmL5IPpoiG3sy8ZUITm3EWIfydavf9pdOQRFkpN3gHPo388k6Lv-v2JAl-a-813Rpx08P02z2oFxrEmCJvdH7HPlGP3l4dTTdTO5gq3lT8HR9gUAL4lBKp_/s320/Picture1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Advantages</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span">- Generates working software</span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span">quickly and early during the software</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> life cycle.<br />
- More flexible – less costly to change scope and requirements.<br />
- Easier to test and debug during a smaller iteration.<br />
- Easier to manage risk because risky pieces are identified and</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> handled during its iteration.<br />
- Each iteration is an easily managed.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Disadvantages</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Each phase of an iteration is rigid and do not overlap each other.<br />
- Problems may arise pertaining to system architecture because not all requirements are gathered up front for </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> the entire software life cycle.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-size: large;">~ Prototyping ~</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjMaHhDXM5EbWFaBo8X4OXVFV3LI0LSv5akAKsRh12yGoao8RPDhTf3ScxX7SFXanGtKtgVY2cb_ekNo1Qy7j50Q21t6Y-hT3rAQeNZLQZUDx4JPgn9ZKxaBArth_hhiTbQQuMwtKjxaIY/s1600/model.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjMaHhDXM5EbWFaBo8X4OXVFV3LI0LSv5akAKsRh12yGoao8RPDhTf3ScxX7SFXanGtKtgVY2cb_ekNo1Qy7j50Q21t6Y-hT3rAQeNZLQZUDx4JPgn9ZKxaBArth_hhiTbQQuMwtKjxaIY/s320/model.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Advantages</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Reduce rate of error since the prototype is repeated so many times.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Prevent the wrong invention.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Help the user to understand.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Increase customer satisfaction.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Reduces development costs.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Requires user involvement.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Disadvantages</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- less documentation will result difficult maintenance.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">User confusion of prototype and finished system.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Users expect the performance of the ultimate system to be the same as the prototype.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">~ Spiral ~</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghvwEbpkqcJ0-0wWFOze5Z47DQ6FNl_rm0tOt8KGFI6KYZKwul_9i88cBeasfSm0vwUXuRTEwSMra0bmUhXlLYaPBu3lpNLfUd6mIBB1OVp-5I751ii7Za8hhv8Oyxo4bRH25gGIOG5MyM/s1600/s11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghvwEbpkqcJ0-0wWFOze5Z47DQ6FNl_rm0tOt8KGFI6KYZKwul_9i88cBeasfSm0vwUXuRTEwSMra0bmUhXlLYaPBu3lpNLfUd6mIBB1OVp-5I751ii7Za8hhv8Oyxo4bRH25gGIOG5MyM/s320/s11.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Advantages</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span">- </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">No static number of iteration</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- High amount of risk analysis.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Good for large and mission-critical projects.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span">- Software is produced early in the software life cycle.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Disadvantages</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">-</span><span class="Apple-style-span"> Can be a costly model to use.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Risk analysis requires highly specific expertise.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Project’s success is highly dependent on the risk analysis phase.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span">- Doesn’t work well for smaller projects.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: yellow; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">~ Concurrent Model ~</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjugxr2g50B8a06BVyAyBVQv8JA5tEMeABYxIqB16eGzPR69AC6tgcd_9Jkt0U0Sq7IkG54iu9PmAZTB3I7XNUSab2s8kUp1cCEhTF3RVhhlMr9y_JVZ9ks4nYJ-srvnWtt8kV5yxPcS16g/s1600/concurentmodel.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjugxr2g50B8a06BVyAyBVQv8JA5tEMeABYxIqB16eGzPR69AC6tgcd_9Jkt0U0Sq7IkG54iu9PmAZTB3I7XNUSab2s8kUp1cCEhTF3RVhhlMr9y_JVZ9ks4nYJ-srvnWtt8kV5yxPcS16g/s1600/concurentmodel.JPG" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-size: large;">Advantage </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Easy to implement concurrent access if that run for a long time.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Very dynamic and encourage innovation by development.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Able to access the progress of the project by looking at the state of the project. </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Disadvantage</span> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span">-</span> <span class="Apple-style-span">Multiple team and module is very difficult.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">- Managing this kind of process model is challenging.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Selecting a Process Model</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;">Factor to consider</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><br />
</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">The characteristic of the - problems to be solved</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"> - project</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"> - product</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">The project environment in which the software team works.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #666666; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">To downloaded notes (Module2)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> :</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #bbbbbb; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~badariah/CSEB233.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~badariah/CSEB233.htm</a></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #bbbbbb; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;"><br />
</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold;">THEEPA LAKNAKUMARAN (SW086630)</span></div>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-746828794418741248.post-55345542689000748932011-06-01T21:10:00.006+08:002011-06-14T19:02:48.191+08:00Module 1<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;"><u>Introduction to Software Engineering</u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;"><u><br />
</u></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">What is 'software'????</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><ul><li>Instructions (computer programs) </li>
<li>Data Structures</li>
<li>Documentation</li>
</ul><div><div style="text-align: center;">(e.g. Macromedia Flash MX, Macromedia Director Mx, Ubuntu)</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRrNUl54fHTSmMok5pHlqJIMlSip5fxnEWmDygqTCZpd1hTbajggPhxv6p4lsZ1TKCqjX1o5_e1iv1bkzN05Vg4_xQAvFCqLowX0li4gvJwKav8M967qcJRHc6sDNJggIL-FbwxTZfq57P/s200/ubuntu-logo.gif" width="173" /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh58Zva4fXRntsHN_UzzlAZiYnGBLw23VFsTspbc6_-VPX_PrS7k_iXuonLY_X5ttuLJ7mzAJlA3V8H_NtASL1H65F-xcMl8taxqlUytQCUsx-mU5FsBnyNI9Zv4ACk2Ds8Kg-RW30UB1u4/s1600/6i4dc9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh58Zva4fXRntsHN_UzzlAZiYnGBLw23VFsTspbc6_-VPX_PrS7k_iXuonLY_X5ttuLJ7mzAJlA3V8H_NtASL1H65F-xcMl8taxqlUytQCUsx-mU5FsBnyNI9Zv4ACk2Ds8Kg-RW30UB1u4/s200/6i4dc9.jpg" width="186" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKeJINDzGgePHaoOuZcgOrBAux6XK3zOpq4k6E7AP_HRHa_o10GJq8fMaNmUqnxKNPZW_nEPrL4GeJDUkxb7DwinDlZtnzEejiAyYViTTxAwmsfbsD_DkdnN0BD_lrBuFP0ZKXtK4G1-Ke/s1600/Director.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKeJINDzGgePHaoOuZcgOrBAux6XK3zOpq4k6E7AP_HRHa_o10GJq8fMaNmUqnxKNPZW_nEPrL4GeJDUkxb7DwinDlZtnzEejiAyYViTTxAwmsfbsD_DkdnN0BD_lrBuFP0ZKXtK4G1-Ke/s200/Director.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">What is 'Software Engineering'????</span><br />
<br />
<ul><li>IEEE</li>
<ul><li>the application of a <u><b>systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance.</b></u></li>
</ul></ul><div><u><br />
</u></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Layers in SE</span></div><div><u><br />
</u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiITFseZ4-aa2zkhfARXPUzgln5OJpVrF8SdpIB7Jk-C7Yfbv4doE8YVrBU40_Xxya7FDQRffGE5uxKCk_TOEG9ezvi1e6RuN90iKIYKPsP4irpv8AHT-ovdKISDlBGx3c0nhmR_16G-bUe/s1600/a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiITFseZ4-aa2zkhfARXPUzgln5OJpVrF8SdpIB7Jk-C7Yfbv4doE8YVrBU40_Xxya7FDQRffGE5uxKCk_TOEG9ezvi1e6RuN90iKIYKPsP4irpv8AHT-ovdKISDlBGx3c0nhmR_16G-bUe/s320/a.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><u><br />
</u></div></div><div><br />
</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Software Application Domain</span></div><div><br />
</div><div><ol><li>System software</li>
<li>Application software</li>
<li>Engineering/scientific software</li>
<li>Embedded software</li>
<li>Product-Line software</li>
<li>Web Applications (WebApps)</li>
<li>AI software</li>
</ol><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Software Myths</span></div><div><br />
</div><div><ul><li>Software myths</li>
<ul><li>erroneous beliefs about software & the process that is used to build it.</li>
</ul></ul><br />
<ul><li>Classifications of software myths:</li>
</ul><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Management myths</span></u><br />
<ul><li>Myth: </li>
<ul><li>We already have a book that’s full of standards and procedures for building software. Won’t that provide my people with everything they need to know?</li>
</ul><li>Reality:</li>
<ul><li>The book of standards may exist, but is it used? Are practitioners’ aware of its existence? Does it reflect modern SE practices? Is it complete? Is it adaptable?</li>
</ul></ul><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Customer myths</span></u></div><div><div><ul><li>Myth: </li>
<ul><li>Software requirements continually change, but change can be easily accommodated because software is flexible.</li>
</ul><li>Reality:</li>
<ul><li>The impact of change varies with the time at which it is introduced. The cost of impact of changes in early stage of software project is relative small. However, changes introduced at a later development stage may requires a lot of resources and major design modification.</li>
</ul></ul><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: cyan;">Practitioners myths</span></u></div><div><div><ul><li>Myth: </li>
<ul><li>“Once we write the program and get it work, our job is done.”</li>
</ul><li>Reality:</li>
<ul><li>Some once said the “the sooner you begin ‘writing code’, the longer it’ll take you to get done.”</li>
</ul></ul><div><br />
</div><div><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZXcryClLjpcXnKBT7IFN70JMrL1Xye_O2DoQrrL3aSFeYCjzYgCSFUmBoajO-Kpx5lkjcQEcuyTx63XoelX-X5FFlA5of0qkSBTwcOP17TTYLll-ieDvVytDmfgkicSsZr2tSr_V5fBsN/s400/untitled.JPG" width="400" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div><div style="text-align: center;">Mind Mapping : <a href="http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~badariah/CSEB233/mm1.pdf">http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~badariah/CSEB233/mm1.pdf</a></div></div></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;">To downloaded notes (Module1) : <a href="http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~badariah/CSEB233.htm">http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~badariah/CSEB233.htm</a></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">NURUL AIN BINTI MD HASHIM (IS086681)</span></b></div></div><div><br />
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</span></b>learningsehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11321565504119654898noreply@blogger.com3